What next?
That was a very brief introduction to numpy, whilst also touching on some of the tools available in the scipy and matplotlib packages. There is a huge amount iof help online as well as some useful literature (for example…).
On this site, for a quick look at plotting with matplotlib, check out Matplotlib: Scratching the surface.
If you are going to be working a lot with tabulated datasets, it would be well worth your while looking at the pandas module - a quick starter can be found here.
If images are going to be a core part of your work, then scikit-image is worth looking at.